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  • Evelyn Longman
Evelyn Longman’s Work on the Lincoln Memorial

Sculptor Evelyn Beatrice Longman rarely gave press interviews but, in April 1921, she sat with The Hartford Courant and offered enthusiastic, unguarded statements on her career and life as the newly married wife of Loomis’ headmaster, Nathaniel Batchelder. She commented directly on only one project, a monument still under construction. “There is one piece of work of which I can frankly say that I am proud … and that is the interior of the Lincoln Memorial. I did a part of that work.”

Interest in honoring Abraham Lincoln with a national monument began in 1867, two years after his assassination. The idea lay mostly in abeyance until 1910, when Congress established the Lincoln Memorial Commission. Within four years, the committee selected the site; the architect, Henry Bacon; and the sculptor, Daniel Chester French. Workers laid the building’s cornerstone on Lincoln’s birthday in 1915. America’s entrance to World War I slowed construction and, around the time of the war’s armistice in November 1918, Daniel Chester French entrusted Bronx-based marble cutters, the Piccirilli Brothers, to carve the massive seated Lincoln figure. The memorial’s dedication took place on Memorial Day in 1922.

Bacon celebrated his selection by the committee in a note to his friend and colleague Evelyn Longman: “Dear Trixina — Yesterday this piece of news appeared in the paper and isn’t it splendid! HOORAY — Rejoice with me.” French asked for Longman’s advice in June 1916 as he revised a small-scale model of the statue. “Dear Beatrice, Listen to me! I need you … because you are a sculptor. Now, I have sawed Lincoln in two and I have been trying him with different lengths of body and I find I can’t decide which is best by myself. In fact, as I have said, I need your critical eye to help me to a decision.”

Fifty-two photographs in Longman’s personal albums fully document her extensive 10-year involvement with the Lincoln Memorial; most details are notably absent from histories of the memorial. Deemed integral to the project by Bacon and French, she made numerous visits to the memorial’s construction site between 1915 and 1918 and viewed the carved Lincoln statue in process at Piccirilli’s workshop. In one playful photo, Longman sports a fishing pole at the memorial’s Tidal Basin; the caption reads, “No Fish.” Along the edges of another photograph of Longman, Bacon, French and Mary French, the artist’s wife, is written, “Washington, April 2, 1917, On this day President’s message to Congress — about declaration of war with Germany.” Unnamed workmen and planning committee members; Mr. Wooley, the site superintendent; and Robert Todd Lincoln, son of the former president, also appear in these images.

Longman’s tangible “part” can be found in her albums too. Photographed in her working clothes, Longman carved sculptural wreath ornaments in the memorial’s interior during the fall of 1917. The popular national women’s magazine Good Housekeeping had earlier observed, “By sheer force of ability, Miss Longman has won her enviable place in American art, and she has gone into it ‘all over.’” Longman offered no comments to the press about her Lincoln Memorial work or her collaboration with Bacon and French, two of America’s most respected artists. In 1919, Longman became the first female sculptor inducted into the National Academy of Design, the second woman overall, an accomplishment she chose to downplay in her Courant interview. Instead, Longman’s career reflections seem more in line with a photo showing her sitting on the porch of the memorial’s wooden-shack construction headquarters. The caption reads: “Ready for work.”

Sculptor Evelyn Longman sits on the porch of the Lincoln Memorial’s construction headquarters in 1917.

Sculptor Evelyn Longman sits on the porch of the Lincoln Memorial’s construction headquarters in 1917, in this photograph from her personal album. 

At work Oct 2 1917

Longman at work — October 2, 1917

EBL N Wooley April 30 1915

Lincoln Memorial, Mr. Wooley Supt., April 30, 1915

Lincoln Memorial Construction

Lincoln Memorial construction

Longman and friends with Lincoln head

Longman and friends with Lincoln head

1916 Washington with shack in back

1916 Washington with shack in back

Longman at construction shack — Oct 2, 1917

Longman at construction shack — October 2, 1917

Longman at Lincoln Memorial Nov 1915

Longman at Lincoln Memorial — November, 1915

Longman at work on wreaths

Longman at work on wreaths — October 2, 1917

Tidal Basin Sept 27 1917

Tidal Basin, Washington — Sept 27, 1917 (no fish)

Trix at Base of Vermont Column

Trix at Base of Vermont Column — April 30, 1915

Washington April 2 1917

Washington — April 2, 1917


 

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